Nuclear-capable Rafales: Inside France's 'Forward Deterrence' plan to check Russia

France is promoting a “Forward Deterrence” initiative with 10 European countries, potentially involving nuclear-capable Rafale deployments, intelligence sharing and joint exercises. France would retain authority over its nuclear weapons.

• The initiative involves France and 10 European countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark.· 2 sources
• Possible cooperation includes deploying nuclear-capable Rafale fighters to allied countries, sharing intelligence and holding joint military exercises.· 1 source
• France would retain sole authority over its nuclear weapons; Italy declined to join, and the three Baltic states are outside the current group.· 1 source