Europe & Central Asia · EU · NATO
Data checked 28 Oct 2026 · next scheduled check 1 Jan 2027 · UN World Population Prospects (via World Bank) released 1 Jul 2026 · Eurostat released 21 Oct 2026 · World Bank WDI released 8 Oct 2026
Total spending · 2024
43.3%
+9.0 pts since 1995
Welfare · 2024
13.6%
+3.7 pts since 1995
Healthcare · 2024
5.20%
+2.9 pts since 1995
Defence · 2024
1.60%
-0.8 pts since 1995
Education · 2024
4.00%
+0.7 pts since 1995
Debt interest · 2024
2.50%
-1.0 pts since 2001
Gross debt · 2025
60.4%
of GDP · +31 pts since 2000
Population · 2025
19.0m
-16.2% since 1995
Public-sector employment
Not available: no official public-sector employment series is loaded for Romania yet.
Welfare rose from 9.9% to 13.6% of GDP between 1995 and 2024.
Healthcare rose from 2.3% to 5.5% of GDP between 1995 and 2020, then fell to 5.2% by 2024.
Defence fell from 2.4% to 0.7% of GDP between 1995 and 2012, then rose to 1.6% by 2024.
Education fell from 3.3% to 2.8% of GDP between 1995 and 2013, then rose to 4.0% by 2024.
Debt interest fell from 3.5% to 0.8% of GDP between 2001 and 2007, then rose to 2.5% by 2024.
Total spending rose from 34.3% to 43.3% of GDP between 1995 and 2024.
Gross debt fell from 29.6% to 12.4% of GDP between 2000 and 2007, then rose to 60.4% by 2025.
Population fell from 22.7 million in 1995 to 19.0 million in 2025; the UN projects 16.1 million by 2050.